The human brain is made up of billions of cells called neurons. These neurons communicate with eachother through electrical signals. This communication is proven to be the origin of our thoughts, emotions and behaviors. The electrical pulses that are produced, form masses of neurons in wave-like patterns. These wave-like patterns are what we refer to as brainwaves. They are measured by “frequency” which refer to cycles per second or Hertz.
Binaural beats are used as an emerging form of sound-wave therapy. The purpose of this therapy is to perceive an auditory illusion when two different pure tones sine waves, both with frequencies lower than 1500Hz. If you listen to two tones for example, with different frequencies in both ears, your brain automatically creates a third tone or wobling sound. This third tone is what we refer to as a binaural beat. German Psychiatrist Hans Berger who invented electroencephalography (ECC- where electrodes are placed on the scalp to record the electrical activity of the brain), discovered the first Alpha brainwaves back in 1924.
Later Scientists discovered that we have not only one but five different types of brainwaves known as Beta, Alpha, Theta, Delta and Gamma waves. These brainwaves constantly change throughout the day depending on the type of activity.
Beta Waves
Beta waves or beta rhythms are a neural oscillation in the brain with a frequency range between 12.5Hz and 30Hz. They are linked to the cognitive state of mind. The Conscious intellectual state where a person can go about their daily routine, fully alert and able to make decisions. During this state a person is wide awake and in the so-called “hustling” mode. These waves can be devided into 3 sections – The Low Beta waves, Beta waves and High Beta waves. Beta tends to become rhythmic when you are concentrating on something that is mentally challenging. This correlates with increased blood oxygenation and metabolism of the brain. The benifits include enhanced psychomotor performance, better long term memory, improved confidence, increased focus and decreased stress- and anxiety levels.
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Alpha Waves
Alpha-waves originated from the synchronous and coherent electrical activity of thalamic pacemaker cells in the human body. During this state the brain produces higher speed waves. It responds to activities like meditation and rest. When you’ are in Alpha state, you aren’t focussing too hard on anything in particular and this is why it’s known to be active during relaxation. Benifits include increased positivity- and also decreased anxiety levels. These frequencies range between 8-13Hz.
Theta Waves
Theta waves are typically of greater amplitude and a slower frequency. It ranges between 5 and 8 seconds per cycle. Japanese Scientists were the first to induce the EEG theta activity by administering a mental task consisting of continuous arithmetic addition. It was hypothesized that the hippocampal theta oscillations are involved in memory encoding and retrieval. These waves usually appear during relaxed wakefulness and it enables us to get in touch with our emotional memories and to make free-flowing connections to the past and present. Theta waves are usually present during repetitive actions, for example while driving on a freeway and not being able to recap the last 5miles (like being on autopilot), not having to focus so intensely, meaning the theta state was active during that time. It is also linked to creativity, intuition and daydreaming and is known to be the desired state when practicing self-hypnosis. https://youtu.be/Mgwd_3k3pOw
Delta Waves
Delta waves are commonly referred to as slow wave activity and are the largest amplitude waves in the neocortex, the cerebral cortex region associated with sight and hearing. It is proven to be more prominent in infants and early childhood and are usually active during deepest levels of relaxation and restorative healing sleep. Adequate production of Delta waves help us to feel completely rejuvenated and it promotes the immune system, natural healing processes and restorative deep sleep.
Gamma Waves
Gamma wave or Gamma rhythm is a pattern of neural oscillation with a frequency range between 25 and 140Hz. These rhythms are correlated with a large scale of brain network activity and also cognitive phenomena.The brain tends to produce Gamma waves when you’re intensely focused or actively engaged in solving a problem, by being highly alert and conscious. These benefits include increased cognitive flexibility, attention to detail, focus, divergent thinking (a marker of creativity) and more.
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